Ketones in urine
Alternative Names
Ketones in urine, urinary ketones, and acid acetoacetic acid betahidroxibutiric
Definition
Is a test that measures the presence or absence of ketones in the urine.
Manner in which the examination is performed
Children or adults:
To take the urine sample, the person takes a clean ( "in the middle of urination). For this, men and children should clean the head of the penis, while women and girls should wash the area between the lips of the vagina with soapy water and rinse well. When the process of eliminating urine, which should make a small amount of it falls to the toilet (and cleans the urethra of contaminants). Later, in a clean container is recommended that approximately one to two ounces (30 to 60 ml) of urine and remove it. Finally, we must give this container the doctor or his assistant.
Infants:
It is necessary to thoroughly wash the area around the urethra opening and a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with adhesive tape on one end) and then place the bag baby. The children, they can enter the entire penis into the bag and the adhesive sticks to the skin. For girls, the bag being placed over the labia majora. You can put the diaper on the baby as usual, covering and securing the bag. It is recommended that the baby frequently and remove the bag after he has urinated into it. Active babies can move the bag, so that may be needed more than an attempt to obtain a sample. Finally, you should pour the urine into a container and then hand it to the doctor.
Urinary ketones are usually measured as a "rapid test" using a dipstick impregnated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. The test strip is dipped into the urine sample and a color change is an indicator of the presence of ketones.
Preparation for the review
It may recommend a special diet and medications should stay that may affect the test (see Special Considerations).
If the sample was taken to a baby, it may require additional bags.
What you feel during the test
The review involves only normal urination, and produces no discomfort.
Reasons for which the examination is performed Back to top
Ketones (acid betahidroxibutĂrico, acetoacĂ©tico acid and acetone) are the end products of metabolism, rapid or excessive fatty acids. As with glucose, ketones are present in the urine when blood levels exceed a certain threshold.
The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue (body fat) is stimulated by many hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine and growth hormone, whose levels are increased by starvation (whether in connection with alcohol or not ), uncontrolled diabetes and many other ailments.
Normal Values
A negative test is normal. The results from the presence of acetone in the urine usually appear as small, moderate or large with their corresponding values:
Small: <20> 80 mg / dL
Significance of abnormal results
A positive test may indicate:
* Metabolic abnormalities, including uncontrolled diabetes or glycogen storage disease.
* Abnormal nutritional conditions, including starvation, fasting, anorexia, diets high in protein and low in carbohydrates.
* Vomiting frequently over a long period of time, including hyperemesis gravidarum (a severe form of nausea during pregnancy).
* Disorders of increased metabolism, including hyperthyroidism, fever, or severe acute illness, burns, pregnancy, lactation (feeding a baby) or post-surgical condition.
What are the risks
No risk.
Special considerations
Some special diets can alter the results of this test. For example, a diet that is composed of low amounts of carbohydrates and high amounts of protein and fat can affect ketone levels.
Medicines that can cause false positive results include glucocorticoids.
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