Asthma: Treatment Physiotherapy , Treatment of crises / exacerbations, Prevention, Risk Factors and Prognosis

Asthma:
Treatment Physiotherapy    

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The information contained herein does not have the character of advice.    

The physiotherapy treatment in patients with asthma is divided into two: Children and Adults.

The procedures implemented to help improve ventilation, help relax the respiratory muscles, sanitize the air hypersecretive, besides preventing the search for emergency services and hospitalizations, improving physical fitness and improve quality of life of affected individuals.

In children, the treatment works are breathing exercises reexpansivos persons through bronchial clearance maneuvers, postural drainage or inhalation, with cough stimulation if necessary. Children with excellent collaborative and coordination developed can benefit from training techniques of ventilatory pattern.

In adults, treatment emphasizes the general stretching, aerobic exercise, breathing exercises reexpansivos, monitoring changes in airflow and monitoring exercises with the use of pulse, if necessary. In some cases it is necessary to work bronchial hygiene, coupled with the aspiration of bronchial secretions (phlegm), common in infected patients. When lung hyperinflation is present, techniques are used to increase lung deflation volume of air current.

In later stages of treatment, it is necessary the use of incentive breathing, mechanical ventilation noninvasive, where the patient is sufficiently stable framework, aimed at fitness together with the pulmonary resistance vital to the reduction of asthma attacks. Postural exercises for relaxation, mobility, stretching and strengthening are also needed to correct a chest deformity and posture, common in cases of advanced disease and frequent crises.

Treatment of crises / exacerbations

The patient should be able to distinguish asthma medication in the maintenance of medication use in crises and emergencies. It should be borne in mind that sometimes the packages may be the same and that is not always to follow the colors, namely red packaging is not always to the crisis and the green is not always to maintain, depends on the trademark .

In the treatment of severe attacks, use is usually:
Corticosteroids (particularly intravenous systemic)
Agonists adrenergic beta-2 agonist (salbutamol, terbutaline and fenoterol for example)
Anti-cholinergic (bromide ipratropium or tiotropium)


Prevention

As prevention of asthma, the asthmatic may use corticosteroids, the beta2-agonists and leukotriene modifiers, and has a good environmental control, avoiding exposure to agents of asthma.

There is no way to prevent the occurrence of disease, but its exacerbation and their symptoms daily.


Risk Factors and Prognosis

The prognosis for asthmatics is good, especially for children with the disease. For asthmatics diagnosed during childhood, 54% will not have more the diagnosis after a decade. The extent of permanent damage to the lung in asthma is still unclear.

Some of the potential risk factors in the prognosis of bronchial asthma are hyper-reactive airway, atopic allergy, respiratory infections, smoking, weather and the onset of the disease at an early age. Now as precipitating factors and aggravating factors include the allergens (animal dander, fungi, pollen, insects, etc.), irritants (paints, aerosols, perfumes, chemicals, cigarette smoke, etc), weather conditions (pollution, air cold, etc.), infections (usually viral), physical exercise, emotional factors, gastroesophageal reflux, endocrine factors and non-allergic hypersensitivity to drugs and chemicals.