Vulvovaginitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, incidence and risk factors, Exams and Tests, prognosis, health care, Prevention and Alternative Names

Vulvovaginitis

It is an inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Vulvovaginitis can affect women of any age and is very common. It can be caused by bacteria, yeasts, viruses and other parasites can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases, and various chemicals found in bubble baths, soaps and perfumes. Environmental factors such as poor hygiene and allergens may also cause this condition.

Candida albicans, which causes yeast infections, is one of the most common causes of vulvovaginitis in women of all ages. The use of antibiotics can lead to yeast infections by destroying the normal antifungal bacteria that live in the vagina. Yeast infections typically cause genital itching, a thick, white vaginal discharge and other symptoms. For more information see: vaginal yeast infection.

Another cause of vulvovaginitis is bacterial vaginosis, an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria in the vagina. This condition can cause a vaginal discharge thin, gray and a fishy odor.

Another common cause is a sexually transmitted disease infection known as vaginitis, which causes genital itching, vaginal odor, and heavy vaginal bleeding that may be yellow-green or green.

Bubble baths, soaps, vaginal contraceptives, feminine sprays, and perfumes can cause irritating itchy rashes in the genital area, while tight fitting or nonabsorbent clothing sometimes cause heat rashes.

Irritated tissue is more susceptible to infection than normal tissue and many infection-causing organisms thrive in environments that are warm, moist and dark. All these factors not only contribute to the cause of vulvovaginitis, they frequently prolong the recovery period.

Lack of postmenopausal estrogen can cause vaginal dryness and thinning of the skin of the vulva and vagina, which also lead to or worsen genital itching and burning.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (where you can not identify any cause) can be seen in all age groups but occurs most commonly in young girls before puberty. Once puberty begins, the vagina becomes more acidic, which helps prevent infection.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis can occur in girls with poor genital hygiene and is characterized by a foul-smelling, brownish-green and irritation of the opening of the mouth and vagina. This condition is often associated with the proliferation of a type of bacteria is typically found in feces, which are sometimes spread from the rectum to the vaginal area by wiping from back to front after using the bathroom.

You should consider the possibility that there existed sexual abuse in children with unusual infections and recurrent episodes of unexplained vulvovaginitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the organism that causes gonorrhea, produces gonococcal vulvovaginitis in young girls. Gonorrhea related vaginitis is considered a sexually transmitted disease. If laboratory tests confirm this diagnosis, young girls should be evaluated for sexual abuse.

Symptoms

* Irritation and itching in the genital area
* Inflammation (irritation, redness and swelling) of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area
* Vaginal discharge
* Foul vaginal odor
* Discomfort or burning when urinating

Exams and Tests

Vaginal symptoms are best diagnosed by a doctor. If you have been diagnosed with a yeast infection in the past, try over-the-counter products. However, if symptoms do not disappear completely in about a week, be sure to contact your doctor, as many other infections have similar symptoms.

The doctor will perform a pelvic exam, which can show vulvar or vaginal skin red and sensitive. You must inspect any injury or ulceration.

Typically, you perform a wet prep (microscopic evaluation of vaginal discharge) to identify a vaginal infection or overgrowth of yeast or bacteria. In some cases, a culture of vaginal discharge may identify the organism causing the infection.

Treatment

You can also use a cream containing cortisone to relieve some irritation. If an allergic reaction may also be prescribed an antihistamine. For women who have irritation and inflammation caused by low estrogen levels (postmenopausal) may prescribe a topical estrogen cream.

To help with the healing process and prevent future infections, it is necessary to improve perineal hygiene for those whose infections are caused by bacteria normally found in feces, for which they may be recommended sitz baths. Often it helps to allow the genital area is more airy, using cotton underwear (rather than nylon) or underwear with cotton lining in the crotch area allows greater air flow and decreases amount of moisture in the area. It can also be helpful to sleep without underwear.

Note: If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease, it is very important that both partners receive treatment also, even if symptoms are present. Many organisms do not produce noticeable symptoms. The refusal of the (s) partner (s) to accept treatment can cause continual reinfection, which may eventually (if neglected) lead to more extensive problems, possibly limiting fertility and affecting overall health.

Expectations (prognosis)

Proper treatment of the infection is usually very effective.
Complications

* Persistent discomfort
* Skin infection (from scratching)
* Complications of causal condition (such as gonorrhea and candida infection)

Calling your health care

Call your doctor if symptoms of vulvovaginitis or if known vulvovaginitis does not respond to treatment.

Prevention

The use of a condom during sexual intercourse can prevent most sexually transmitted vaginal infections. The use of fitting and adequately absorbent clothing, combined with good hygiene of the genital area also prevents many cases of non-infectious vulvovaginitis.

Children should be taught how to properly clean the genital area while bathing or showering. Will also help clean properly after using the toilet (girls should always wipe from front to back to avoid introducing bacteria from the rectal area to the vagina).

Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after using the bathroom.

Alternative Names

Vaginitis, vaginal inflammation, inflammation of the vagina

Xanthoma: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, prognosis, Prevention, Other Names, health care, Exams and Tests, incidence and risk factors

Xanthoma

It is a skin condition in which fat is deposited beneath the skin surface.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Xanthomas are common, especially among older adults and among people with high blood lipids.

Xanthomas may vary in size. Some are very small, while others are bigger than 3 inches (7, 5 cm) in diameter. They can appear anywhere on the body but occur most often on the elbows, joints, tendons, knees, hands, feet and buttocks.

Xanthomas may be a sign of a medical condition that involves an increase in blood lipids. Some of these disorders are:

* Diabetes
* Primary biliary cirrhosis
* Certain cancers
* Inherited metabolic disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia

The eyelid xanthelasma is a common type of xanthoma that appears on the eyelids.

Symptoms

A xanthoma looks like a sore or bump under the skin and usually flat, soft to the touch and yellow, with clearly defined edges.



Exams and Tests

The doctor examines the skin and usually can diagnose a xanthoma simply by looking. A biopsy of the tumor shows a fatty deposit.

Treatment

If a person has a disease that causes increased blood lipids, treating the condition can help reduce development of xanthomas.

The doctor may remove the tumor if it gets annoying, however, xanthomas may come back after surgery.

Expectations (prognosis)

The tumor is not cancerous and painless, but can be a sign of another medical condition.
Complications

The growth may cause a change in the appearance of the person, which is called cosmetic disfiguring.
Calling your health care

Call your health care provider if xanthomas develop which may indicate an underlying disorder that needs treatment.

Prevention

Controlling blood lipids, including triglycerides and cholesterol, may help reduce the development of xanthomas.

Alternative Names

Skin growths fatty; Xanthelasma

Xerosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, incidence and risk factors, Other Names

Xerosis


It is an abnormal dryness of the skin or mucous membranes.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Dry skin often worsens in the winter.
Older people generally are more affected by this disease.

Symptoms

The skin is dry, scaly, itchy, and red Fine cracks may appear on it.
The legs and arms are usually the most affected.



Treatment

Treatments include:

* Moisturizers, especially those that contain urea and lactic acid
* Topical steroids for areas that become very inflamed and itchy
Prevention

* Avoid excessive exposure to water
* Keep the relatively cold water bath
* Use gentle skin cleansers that do not contain dyes and fragrances

Alternative Names

Asteatotic eczema; Asteatotic Dermatitis

Pinworms(Oxiuros) Symptoms, Signs and tests, Causes, incidence and risk factors, Definition, prognosis, Prevention, Complications and medical assistan

Oxiuros

Content:

* Images
* Alternative Names
* Definition
* Causes, incidence and risk factors
* Symptoms
* Signs and tests
* Salutation
* Expectations (prognosis)
* Complications
* Situations that require medical assistance
* Prevention


Alternative Names

Enterobiasis; Oxyuriasis; Oxiurosis; oxiuros infection, Enterobius vermacularis E. Vermacularis; helminthosis



Definition

They are small worms that infect the intestines.

Causes, incidence and risk factors Back to top

The oxiuros are the most common worm infection in the United States and occurs mainly in school-age children.

The eggs of oxiuros spread directly from person to person spread or by contact with bedding, food or other items contaminated with eggs.

Generally, children are infected by touching the eggs and inadvertently oxiuros then put their fingers in their mouths. The eggs are ingested and eventually hatch in the small intestine. The oxiuros mature in the colon.

The females of these worms were then transferred to the child's anal area, especially at night, and lay more eggs. This can cause intense itching and even the anal area can become infected. When the child scratches the anal area which presents pruritus, the eggs can stay under the nails. The eggs can be transferred to other children, family members and household items.

Symptoms

* Difficulty sleeping because of the itching that occurs during the night
* Itching around the anus
* Irritability due to itching and interrupted sleep
* Irritation and infection of the skin around the anus due to constant scratching
* Vaginal irritation or discomfort in young girls (if they oxiuro an adult enters the vagina rather than the anus)
* Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon but can occur in severe infections)

Signs and tests

The oxiuros can be seen in the anal area, especially at night when they lay their eggs in that area.

The doctor may ask to conduct a review with an adhesive tape, which is pressed a piece of cellophane tape against the skin around the anus and then withdrew. This should be done in the morning before showering or using the toilet, because bathing or cleaning can remove the eggs. The doctor sticks the tape to a slide and slide seeking eggs using a microscope.

Treatment

The main treatment is a single dose of either mebendazole or albendazole (anti drugs), available with or without prescription.

Because it is likely that more than one family member is infected, it is often recommended to treat the whole family. The single-dose treatment is often repeated after two weeks in order to remove the eggs that hatched since the time of initial treatment.

To control the eggs:

* Clean the toilet daily
* Keep nails short and clean
* Wash all bedding 2 times a week
* Wash hands before meals and after using the toilet

Avoid scratching the infected area around the anus, as this can contaminate your fingers and everything else that hands touch later.

Keep hands and fingers away from mouth and nose, unless they are freshly washed. Implement these measures while family members are under treatment for oxiuros.

Expectations (prognosis)

Oxiuros infection can be treated completely.



Complications

* Pelvic inflammatory disease
* Repetitive infection with the parasite
Vaginitis *

Situations requiring medical assistance

Request an appointment with your doctor if:

* You or your child have symptoms of infection oxiuros
* You have seen his son in the oxiuros

Prevention

Wash your hands after using the toilet and before preparing food. Also, frequently wash bedding and underwear, especially those of any family member affected.

Hemorrhoids: Symptoms of hemorrhoids, People at risk, Risk Factors, Prevention of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are dilated veins in the anal area (anus and rectum) and the surrounding tissue, a phenomenon similar to varicose veins that can appear on the legs.

Produced by dilatations whose size varies from one individual to another, the hemorrhoids may be internal (inside the anus) or external depending on their location. They are normal anatomical structures and are of a pathological when moving towards a hemorrhoidal disease.

When it creates a stasis in these veins, a thrombus (blood clot) can form and cause inflammation and pain with discomfort in the bowel. Hemorrhoids can also cause bleeding or local pruritus (itching).

Examination of the anus to determine the size and position of hemorrhoids and helps eliminate other causes of bleeding or pain locales (anal fissure, anal prolapse, cancer ...). Anal prolapse itself may be the cause of hemorrhoidal complications. Indeed, hemorrhoids output at the same time as the prolapse after defecation suffer friction may lead to their ignition and their bleeding.

In case of bleeding in a patient over 40 years, another cause must be sought (polyp or tumor) by a short or colonoscopy colorectal scanner.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids


* A burning sensation, itching or discomfort in the anal area.
* A slight bleeding and pain when defecating.
* The presence of protuberances sensitive anus for external hemorrhoids.
* The feeling that the inside of the rectum is swollen for internal hemorrhoids.
* A seepage of mucus through the rectum.

People at risk


* Those with a close relative suffers from hemorrhoids.
* Pregnant women.
* Women who gave birth by vaginal delivery.

Risk Factors


* Suffer from constipation or diarrhea on a regular basis.
* Being overweight.
* Sitting on the long toilet seat.
* Be required to frequently lift heavy objects.
* Practicing anal intercourse.

Prevention of hemorrhoids


Basic preventive measures
Food

* Gradually increase the amount of fiber in their diet. This is the best prevention possible. Fruits and vegetables, cereals and whole grain breads are excellent sources of fiber. It is better to integrate them gradually into the diet. Fibers soften the stool and increase their volume, thus facilitating their expulsion smoothly.
Note. Be patient: improvement occurs within a few weeks.
* Drinking enough water and other liquids during the day.
* Take time to eat in the morning. The intestine has the reflex to empty after eating, especially after breakfast.

Regular exercise

* Twenty minutes of walking per day at a good pace can stimulate intestinal transit.
* Do not sit for long hours. If you can not otherwise stand on occasion, for a minute or two.
* Maintain a healthy weight. The healthy weight is determined by body mass index (BMI). To calculate yours, do our test.

Intestinal health

* Go to the bathroom regularly. Do not delay the time to defecate if the need arises. Longer we wait, the more the stool becomes dry and hard. At the time of defecation, avoid forcing holding its breath.
* Do not sit on the seat of the toilet longer than necessary (not to read). In this position, the muscles of the anus are released, causing an influx of blood.


Measures to prevent recurrence

* If necessary, take fiber supplements like psyllium (Metamucil ®, Fibropur ®, Prodiem ®, etc..) Or other fibers (Fibramax ®). Make sure to drink plenty to avoid obstruction of the digestive tract. They are widely available through chemists. They can be taken long term without problems.
* Avoid taking other types of laxatives as additional fiber.

Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, Diagnosis and treatment for Mouth Ulcer

Apthae

WHAT IS Apthae?
Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush. Despite being a very small lesion is usually painful.

CAUSES
No one knows exactly what causes ulcer. Apparently the character of a nervous person contributes to their development.

They can also be caused by lesions in the mouth, infections, even the genetic factor favors its appearance.

SYMPTOMS
The pain that causes thrush is the main symptom, and usually extends beyond the affected area. In young children who suffer, it is common to eat and who do not want to be shown irritable. A thrush may last between 7 and 10 days.

RISK FACTORS

PREVENTION

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
The treatment is basically pain relief until the thrush is cured by itself. Some local anesthetics away the pain, but also reduces the sense of taste.

While this is a thrush should follow a soft diet, avoid acidic foods, very cold or very hot in order not to further irritate the affected area.

There are some home remedies that help in some cases but in others the pain worse. The biggest are:

* Rinse your mouth with one tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide dissolved in water.
* Apply baking soda in the lesion.

Where aphthae appearing in a recurring, after taking any medication, or if it does not disappear after 15 days consult your doctor.



POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

PROGNOSIS