Infant Vomiting: What is it, Causes and risk factors, Infections, Dietary Errors, treatment

Infant Vomiting

[?] What is it?

Before talking about vomiting, we must withdraw from that part which is not vomiting, that is to say:

Regurgitation who are only discharging liabilities related to the contraction of the smooth muscle of the stomach (the mothers sometimes say that their infants "spit" the contents of the stomach is slowly emerging from the mouth of the child and stain the sheets, blankets and clothes. regurgitation These are favored by the sudden movement imposed on the infant);

The Rumination is the ability to go back voluntarily to the esophageal gastric contents, a true act of rumination in a baby who takes pleasure, lack of emotional contact and bored.

Vomiting true is defined by the active rejection of all or part of the stomach contents as a result of contraction of abdominal muscles, diaphragm and smooth muscle of the stomach.

[?] Causes and risk factors

Infections

Meningitis can be revealed by vomiting and fever. All parenteral infections may be responsible for vomiting in infants:
Oral thrush;
A herpetic (herpes);
A rhino-pharyngitis, otitis, mastoiditis;
The broncho-pulmonary viral or bacterial infections: bronchitis, bronchiolitis, broncho-pneumonia, flu (vomiting triggered by coughing), etc.;
Whooping cough, scarlet fever;
A urinary tract infection ...

Enteral infections (gastroenteritis) can be revealed by vomiting diarrhea before externalized. The abdomen is usually distended and gurgling.

Dietary Errors

They are very often the cause of vomiting in infants:
Meals too high (overnutrition: diet too high, dry milk too concentrated, too early introduction of flour or vegetables);
Too frequent meals;
An unbalanced diet;
An under-nutrition (inadequate intake, dry milk too diluted, extended exclusive milk diet);
A nipple pierced too;
A swallowing too fast (aerophagia) ...

We may compare the etiology of errors:
Therapeutic (drug overdose: digitalis, theophylline, Negram ®, tetracyclines, aspirin, vitamin D, A. ..);
Or psychological forcing food (the mother is anxious, unstable, in the rigorous schedule and wants to force her baby to drink), relocation of part or nurse, etc..

The hiatal hernia (cardio-tuberosity malposition)

This defect causes a malfunction of anti-reflux existing at the junction of the lower esophagus and fundus of the stomach called "cardiac." Vomiting occurs in the first days of life. They appear early and often even during meals. They are sometimes bloody. It radiography (transit oesogastroduodénal TOGD) which allows the diagnosis. The endoscopy and pH monitoring are increasingly used. .

The treatment in medical:
Children kept sitting in a seat-type Baby ® Relax during meals and time that follows, sometimes 24 hours on 24. (Some pediatricians advise the prone position ventral);
Thickening of the meal (Gumilk ®, Gélopectose ®);
Digestive Dressings (Phosphalugel ®, infant Polysylane ®, Gaviscon, etc.).
Antispasmodics (Primperan ®, Vogalène ®, Prepulsid, etc..).



Pyloric stenosis

Vomiting occurs around the age of 3 weeks then after a free interval without vomiting. They are explosive and plentiful. The appetite of the child is kept: he protests indignantly after vomiting and seeks to eat ... "The stool is rare. The pediatrician sees sometimes in the abdomen touching the pyloric muscle hypertrophy (" pyloric olive " ) and the peristaltic waves from the left hypochondrium hypochondrium to right. Radiological examination confirmed the diagnosis by indirect signs (stasis food hyperperistalsis) and direct signs (pyloric canal end and elongated image of the stenosis ). Ultrasound reveals hyperplasia of the pylorus. The only treatment is surgical.

The gastric plication

The stomach is partially turned on itself by excessive colonic distension. The diagnosis is radiological. Treatment consists of the sleeping child in the womb. The causes mentioned in surgical cases of acute onset of vomiting:
The intussusception;
The strangulation hernia (hernia);
Appendicitis;
Peritonitis;
An incomplete duodenal stenosis (trisomy 21) ...

Other less common causes:

Vomiting cause psycho-emotional intolerance to proteins in cow's milk, gluten or sugar, certain kidney diseases (malformations, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, chronic renal failure), the congenital adrenal hyperplasia), metabolic diseases (galactosemia, phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, hypercalcemia ...), hypertension intracranial (subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, roseola, Négram ®, tetracycline, vitamin A etc. ...), hypertension hypertension (acute glomerulonephritis etc. ...), congenital heart disease, chronic intoxication by lead (lead poisoning) causes are much rarer than the pediatrician should know mentioned.

Sometimes, despite careful investigation, doctors found no cause. This is called "usual vomiting. This condition heals with symptomatic treatment only continued a few weeks.