Infant Vomiting: What is it, Causes and risk factors, Infections, Dietary Errors, treatment

Infant Vomiting

[?] What is it?

Before talking about vomiting, we must withdraw from that part which is not vomiting, that is to say:

Regurgitation who are only discharging liabilities related to the contraction of the smooth muscle of the stomach (the mothers sometimes say that their infants "spit" the contents of the stomach is slowly emerging from the mouth of the child and stain the sheets, blankets and clothes. regurgitation These are favored by the sudden movement imposed on the infant);

The Rumination is the ability to go back voluntarily to the esophageal gastric contents, a true act of rumination in a baby who takes pleasure, lack of emotional contact and bored.

Vomiting true is defined by the active rejection of all or part of the stomach contents as a result of contraction of abdominal muscles, diaphragm and smooth muscle of the stomach.

[?] Causes and risk factors

Infections

Meningitis can be revealed by vomiting and fever. All parenteral infections may be responsible for vomiting in infants:
Oral thrush;
A herpetic (herpes);
A rhino-pharyngitis, otitis, mastoiditis;
The broncho-pulmonary viral or bacterial infections: bronchitis, bronchiolitis, broncho-pneumonia, flu (vomiting triggered by coughing), etc.;
Whooping cough, scarlet fever;
A urinary tract infection ...

Enteral infections (gastroenteritis) can be revealed by vomiting diarrhea before externalized. The abdomen is usually distended and gurgling.

Dietary Errors

They are very often the cause of vomiting in infants:
Meals too high (overnutrition: diet too high, dry milk too concentrated, too early introduction of flour or vegetables);
Too frequent meals;
An unbalanced diet;
An under-nutrition (inadequate intake, dry milk too diluted, extended exclusive milk diet);
A nipple pierced too;
A swallowing too fast (aerophagia) ...

We may compare the etiology of errors:
Therapeutic (drug overdose: digitalis, theophylline, Negram ®, tetracyclines, aspirin, vitamin D, A. ..);
Or psychological forcing food (the mother is anxious, unstable, in the rigorous schedule and wants to force her baby to drink), relocation of part or nurse, etc..

The hiatal hernia (cardio-tuberosity malposition)

This defect causes a malfunction of anti-reflux existing at the junction of the lower esophagus and fundus of the stomach called "cardiac." Vomiting occurs in the first days of life. They appear early and often even during meals. They are sometimes bloody. It radiography (transit oesogastroduodénal TOGD) which allows the diagnosis. The endoscopy and pH monitoring are increasingly used. .

The treatment in medical:
Children kept sitting in a seat-type Baby ® Relax during meals and time that follows, sometimes 24 hours on 24. (Some pediatricians advise the prone position ventral);
Thickening of the meal (Gumilk ®, Gélopectose ®);
Digestive Dressings (Phosphalugel ®, infant Polysylane ®, Gaviscon, etc.).
Antispasmodics (Primperan ®, Vogalène ®, Prepulsid, etc..).



Pyloric stenosis

Vomiting occurs around the age of 3 weeks then after a free interval without vomiting. They are explosive and plentiful. The appetite of the child is kept: he protests indignantly after vomiting and seeks to eat ... "The stool is rare. The pediatrician sees sometimes in the abdomen touching the pyloric muscle hypertrophy (" pyloric olive " ) and the peristaltic waves from the left hypochondrium hypochondrium to right. Radiological examination confirmed the diagnosis by indirect signs (stasis food hyperperistalsis) and direct signs (pyloric canal end and elongated image of the stenosis ). Ultrasound reveals hyperplasia of the pylorus. The only treatment is surgical.

The gastric plication

The stomach is partially turned on itself by excessive colonic distension. The diagnosis is radiological. Treatment consists of the sleeping child in the womb. The causes mentioned in surgical cases of acute onset of vomiting:
The intussusception;
The strangulation hernia (hernia);
Appendicitis;
Peritonitis;
An incomplete duodenal stenosis (trisomy 21) ...

Other less common causes:

Vomiting cause psycho-emotional intolerance to proteins in cow's milk, gluten or sugar, certain kidney diseases (malformations, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, chronic renal failure), the congenital adrenal hyperplasia), metabolic diseases (galactosemia, phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, hypercalcemia ...), hypertension intracranial (subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, roseola, Négram ®, tetracycline, vitamin A etc. ...), hypertension hypertension (acute glomerulonephritis etc. ...), congenital heart disease, chronic intoxication by lead (lead poisoning) causes are much rarer than the pediatrician should know mentioned.

Sometimes, despite careful investigation, doctors found no cause. This is called "usual vomiting. This condition heals with symptomatic treatment only continued a few weeks.

What needs to change in your diet when you have too much cholesterol?

My anti-cholesterol diet in 10 Days

You have been diagnosed with high cholesterol?
Not a minute to lose, you must now change your eating habits.
And it works: the dietary measures can effectively reduce cholesterol.
Well done, the system can reduce cholesterol up to 15%!



What needs to change in your diet when you have too much cholesterol?


1) Replace butter with vegetable oils (mono and polyunsaturated essential) or margarine 'soft' that are not in paper packaging (as saturated).

2) Emphasize olive oil. Choose an oil extra virgin cold-pressed.

3) Cook as much as possible without body fat: steamed, braised, grilled, wok ...

4) Avoid cold cuts, with the exception of lean ham.

5) Limit the industrial products which contain trans fatty acids: pastries, cookies, cakes, ready meals, sauces, pie ...

6) Emphasize the expense of fish meat.

7) Eat at least two times per week of fatty fish rich in polyunsaturated acids (omega-3): salmon, tuna, sardines, herring, mackerel ...

8) Limit dairy products richer in fat and Opt for low fat (cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese lean), while ensuring the adequate intake of calcium.

9) Do not eat more than two eggs per week.

10) Eat enough fiber: fruits, vegetables, bread and starchy foods.

Finally, limit your consumption of alcohol (no more from 1 to 6 drinks per week), making three meals a day at regular hours, sitting at the table and quietly and do not snack! Obviously, the practice of regular physical activity is very strongly recommended ...

Vulvovaginitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, incidence and risk factors, Exams and Tests, prognosis, health care, Prevention and Alternative Names

Vulvovaginitis

It is an inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Vulvovaginitis can affect women of any age and is very common. It can be caused by bacteria, yeasts, viruses and other parasites can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases, and various chemicals found in bubble baths, soaps and perfumes. Environmental factors such as poor hygiene and allergens may also cause this condition.

Candida albicans, which causes yeast infections, is one of the most common causes of vulvovaginitis in women of all ages. The use of antibiotics can lead to yeast infections by destroying the normal antifungal bacteria that live in the vagina. Yeast infections typically cause genital itching, a thick, white vaginal discharge and other symptoms. For more information see: vaginal yeast infection.

Another cause of vulvovaginitis is bacterial vaginosis, an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria in the vagina. This condition can cause a vaginal discharge thin, gray and a fishy odor.

Another common cause is a sexually transmitted disease infection known as vaginitis, which causes genital itching, vaginal odor, and heavy vaginal bleeding that may be yellow-green or green.

Bubble baths, soaps, vaginal contraceptives, feminine sprays, and perfumes can cause irritating itchy rashes in the genital area, while tight fitting or nonabsorbent clothing sometimes cause heat rashes.

Irritated tissue is more susceptible to infection than normal tissue and many infection-causing organisms thrive in environments that are warm, moist and dark. All these factors not only contribute to the cause of vulvovaginitis, they frequently prolong the recovery period.

Lack of postmenopausal estrogen can cause vaginal dryness and thinning of the skin of the vulva and vagina, which also lead to or worsen genital itching and burning.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (where you can not identify any cause) can be seen in all age groups but occurs most commonly in young girls before puberty. Once puberty begins, the vagina becomes more acidic, which helps prevent infection.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis can occur in girls with poor genital hygiene and is characterized by a foul-smelling, brownish-green and irritation of the opening of the mouth and vagina. This condition is often associated with the proliferation of a type of bacteria is typically found in feces, which are sometimes spread from the rectum to the vaginal area by wiping from back to front after using the bathroom.

You should consider the possibility that there existed sexual abuse in children with unusual infections and recurrent episodes of unexplained vulvovaginitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the organism that causes gonorrhea, produces gonococcal vulvovaginitis in young girls. Gonorrhea related vaginitis is considered a sexually transmitted disease. If laboratory tests confirm this diagnosis, young girls should be evaluated for sexual abuse.

Symptoms

* Irritation and itching in the genital area
* Inflammation (irritation, redness and swelling) of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area
* Vaginal discharge
* Foul vaginal odor
* Discomfort or burning when urinating

Exams and Tests

Vaginal symptoms are best diagnosed by a doctor. If you have been diagnosed with a yeast infection in the past, try over-the-counter products. However, if symptoms do not disappear completely in about a week, be sure to contact your doctor, as many other infections have similar symptoms.

The doctor will perform a pelvic exam, which can show vulvar or vaginal skin red and sensitive. You must inspect any injury or ulceration.

Typically, you perform a wet prep (microscopic evaluation of vaginal discharge) to identify a vaginal infection or overgrowth of yeast or bacteria. In some cases, a culture of vaginal discharge may identify the organism causing the infection.

Treatment

You can also use a cream containing cortisone to relieve some irritation. If an allergic reaction may also be prescribed an antihistamine. For women who have irritation and inflammation caused by low estrogen levels (postmenopausal) may prescribe a topical estrogen cream.

To help with the healing process and prevent future infections, it is necessary to improve perineal hygiene for those whose infections are caused by bacteria normally found in feces, for which they may be recommended sitz baths. Often it helps to allow the genital area is more airy, using cotton underwear (rather than nylon) or underwear with cotton lining in the crotch area allows greater air flow and decreases amount of moisture in the area. It can also be helpful to sleep without underwear.

Note: If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease, it is very important that both partners receive treatment also, even if symptoms are present. Many organisms do not produce noticeable symptoms. The refusal of the (s) partner (s) to accept treatment can cause continual reinfection, which may eventually (if neglected) lead to more extensive problems, possibly limiting fertility and affecting overall health.

Expectations (prognosis)

Proper treatment of the infection is usually very effective.
Complications

* Persistent discomfort
* Skin infection (from scratching)
* Complications of causal condition (such as gonorrhea and candida infection)

Calling your health care

Call your doctor if symptoms of vulvovaginitis or if known vulvovaginitis does not respond to treatment.

Prevention

The use of a condom during sexual intercourse can prevent most sexually transmitted vaginal infections. The use of fitting and adequately absorbent clothing, combined with good hygiene of the genital area also prevents many cases of non-infectious vulvovaginitis.

Children should be taught how to properly clean the genital area while bathing or showering. Will also help clean properly after using the toilet (girls should always wipe from front to back to avoid introducing bacteria from the rectal area to the vagina).

Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after using the bathroom.

Alternative Names

Vaginitis, vaginal inflammation, inflammation of the vagina

Food Poisoning: Transmission, Symptoms and mortality, Incubation, Infectious Dose, Food Crisis, Statistics, Prevention

Food Poisoning

A foodborne illness (commonly, food poisoning) is a disease, often infectious and accidental contracted from ingestion of food or drink contaminated with pathogens ranging from bacteria, viruses, parasites or prions. For foodborne illness caused by ingestion of non-edible or toxic (drug poisoning, heavy metal poisoning, poisonous mushrooms, chemicals), it speaks only of food poisoning.

Such contamination usually results from the improper handling, preparation, storage or storage or cooking (non-compliance storage temperatures or cooking, cross contamination). Good practices of hygiene before, during, and after food preparation can reduce the risk of food-borne infections. The action of monitoring food ( "from farm to fork") to ensure it does not cause disease transmitted via food, as is known under the term food security.

A food-borne group (TIAC) is an infectious disease notifiable (MDO) which occurs when there is "at least two cases grouped with similar events due to contamination by micro-organisms (bacteria in general ) or a toxin. The largest 'food poisoning collective are "food crisis".


Transmission

The sick employees who handle food are a source of contamination most common transmitted through food. Some common diseases are occasionally transmitted to food by the water used in this case vector. Among them there are the infections caused by Shigella, the hepatitis A and parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. The defilement of food by pests especially flies, rodents and cockroaches, is another way of food contamination by other vectors. The disease transmitted through food may also be due to the presence of pesticides or medicines in food, or the involuntary consumption of natural toxic substances like poisonous mushrooms or reef fish.


Symptoms and mortality

The symptoms typically begin several hours to several days after the ingestion and depending on the agent in question may comprise one or more of the following: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fever, headache or fatigue. In most cases the symptoms disappear permanently recover after a short period of discomfort and illness. However, the disease transmitted by food may result in permanent health problems and even death, especially among infants, pregnant women and fetuses, the elderly, the sick, people with weak immune systems . The disease transmitted through food is a major cause of reactive arthritis, which occurs typically 1 to 3 weeks after infection. Similarly, people with liver disease are particularly susceptible to infection with Vibrio vulnificus, which can be transmitted by oysters or crabs.


Incubation

The delay between consumption of contaminated food and onset of first symptoms of illness called incubation period. This ranges from hours to several days (and rarely months or even years, as in the case of listeriosis or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), it depends on the causative agent and the amount consumed. If symptoms appear within 1 to 6 hours after consumption of food, we must assume it was caused by a bacterial toxin or toxic chemical rather than by bacteria. During the incubation period, the microbes pass through the stomach to the intestine, binds to cells of the intestinal wall and begins to multiply. Some pathogens remain in the intestine, some produce a toxin that passes into the bloodstream, and some can directly invade the deeper tissues of the body. The resulting symptoms depend on the type of infectious agent in question.


Infectious Dose

The infectious dose is the amount of infectious agent that must be consumed to cause the symptoms of the disease transmitted by food. The infective dose varies depending on the agent involved and the age and health of the consumer. In the case of salmonella, a volunteer for human health, a relatively large inoculum of 10 million to 100 million organisms is necessary to cause symptoms because salmonella is very sensitive to acid. Thus, a level of abnormally high gastric pH significantly reduces the number of bacteria required for the onset of symptoms (a factor of 10 to 100 times).


Pathogens


Bacteria

Infections bacteria are the most common cause of food poisoning.

In the United Kingdom during 2000, the different bacteria involved were as follows: Campylobacter jejuni (77.3%), Salmonella (20.9%), Escherichia coli O157: H7 (1.4%), and all other (less 0.1%)

In France an infectious agent was detected in less than 50% of cases. Then it was salmonella (64%), Staphylococcus aureus (14%), Clostridium perfringens (5%) and Bacillus cereus (3.5%)

In the United States, the Noroviruses are the most common cause of disease transmitted through food, causing 57% of epidemics in 2004. In the past, bacterial infections were considered the most prevalent because few laboratories have the ability to search the norovirus and no active surveillance was conducted for this particular germ.

Symptoms of bacterial infections is delayed because the bacteria need time to multiply. Usually, not observed before 12 to 36 hours after eating contaminated.

The bacterial pathogens most commonly transmitted through food are:
Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria
Bacillus cereus
Brucella spp.
Campylobacter jejuni that causes Guillain-Barre
Corynebacterium ulcerans
Coxiella burnetii or Q fever
Escherichia coli



Salmonella
E. coli O157: H7: enterohaemorrhagic that cause hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Salmonella
E. coli enteroinvasive
E. coli enteropathogenic
E. enterotoxigenic E. coli
E. coli enteroagrégatif
Listeria monocytogenes
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Streptococcus
Vibrio cholerae, including O1 and non-O1
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis


Exotoxins

In addition to the disease due to direct bacterial infection, some foodborne illnesses are caused by exotoxins which are excreted by the cell when the bacteria multiply in the food. The exotoxins are enterotoxin which can cause illness even if micro-organisms that produced them have been killed. Symptoms typically appear after 1-6 hours depending on the dose of toxin ingested. This is called intoxination.
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Staphylococcus aureus

For example, Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) produces a toxin that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea about 3 hours after ingestion of food. Healing is spontaneous. The botulism, a rare but potentially lethal (5 to 10% of cases) occurs when the bacteria anaerobic Clostridium botulinum multiplies in foods with low acidity, which provides condition anaerobic (without oxygen) and produces Botulinum toxin, a powerful paralytic toxin. Foods most often implicated are raw hams (development near the bone) and poorly sterilized canned family.


Virus

Infection viral constitute perhaps a third of food poisoning in developed countries. They usually have an incubation period of intermediate (1-3 days), cause diseases that limit themselves in subjects that have no other health problems, and are similar to bacterial forms described above.



Rotavirus
Norovirus (formerly Norwalk Virus)
Rotavirus
The Hepatitis A is distinguished from other viral causes of its incubation period prolonged (2-6 weeks) and its power to spread beyond the stomach and intestines, the liver. It often induces jaundice (jaundice), or yellowing of the skin, and only rarely leads to chronic liver dysfunction.
The hepatitis E


Parasites

Most food poisoning caused by parasites are zoonoses:

the scolex of Tenia solium
Platyhelminthes:
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Fasciola hepatica
Nematodes:
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichinella spiralis
Trichuris trichiura
Protozoa:

Giardia lamblia
Acanthamoeba and other amoebae free
Cryptosporidium parvum
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Sarcocystis hominis
Sarcocystis suihominis
Toxoplasma gondii

Others
Anisakis sp.
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Diphyllobothrium sp.
Eustrongylides sp.
Nanophyetus sp.


Natural Toxins

In contrast, various foods can naturally contain toxins that are produced by bacteria and occur naturally in food, including:
of hemolysins (toxins thermolabile some natural foods eaten raw)
of mycotoxins), such as the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, etc..
the alkaloids, see Cicuta and Conium
the ciguatera
the ergotamine (rye flour parasitized see Ergotism)
the grayanotoxine (poisoning by honey)
the toxins of higher fungi (amatoxines, phallotoxines ...)
the Mycotoxin (poisoning caused by fungi microscopic)
the phytohaemagglutinin (poisoning beans red)
the pyrrolizidine alkaloid
the shellfish toxin
the scombrotoxine
the histamine present in scrombiacae and cheese
the triterpenes and sesquiterpenes
the ILLUDIN the crustulinol ...
the tetrodotoxin (intoxication caused by certain fish such as fugu)
toxins xenobiotics (food contamination by pesticides, metals such as lead or arsenic, radionuclides exceeding 600 Bequerel / kg dry matter), etc..)


Other pathogens
the prion, leading to the Creutzfeldt-Jakob


Food Crisis

Despite their heading directly media, food crises have caused a very small number of food poisonings and deaths.


Recent food crises

major food crises, over-publicized, were:
"Listeriosis"
"Crisis of mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) (with a huge media coverage, despite the very low number of human cases, about 100 people in the world)
FMD
Listeria
Salmonella
Dioxins:
Seveso dioxin (Seveso disaster) has made no deaths
"Chicken dioxin in May 1999, extensive media coverage, no deaths
meat treated with hormones (hormone-treated beef)


Reporting

In France, any suspicion of TIAC in a community in the restoration or in the food industry must be immediately reported to the DDCCRF (Departmental Directorate for Competition, Consumption and Repression of Fraud) http:// www.minefi.gouv.fr / directions_services / dgccrf / documentation / dossier_litiges / index.htm, DDASS (Departmental Directorate of Health and Social Affairs or the DDSV (Departmental Direction of Veterinary Services) to an investigation is conducted to identify :
The micro-organism responsible (through a comparison of clinical, microbiological analysis and case-control);
The food vehicle (through the case-control);
The factors favoring the multiplication of micro-organism;
The origin of the contamination: lots and possible trade channels.

Remember to keep the labeling of food suspected food poisoning. These data are valuable to trace the source of the problem.

Identifying causes of TIAC will enable the DGCCRF DDASS or DDSV to take specific measures that will prevent recurrence and facilitate the correction of errors in preparation, rehabilitation facilities, withdrawal of marketing contaminated food, the closure of premises, destruction of infected flocks, and disinfection.


Statistics

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom in the year 2000, 2 million poisonings (around 3 400 per 100 000 inhab.), The bacteria were involved
Campylobacter jejuni: 77.3%
Salmonella: 20.9%
Escherichia coli O157: H7: 1.4%
and all others <0.1%. style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">the United States

In the U.S., for 76 million food poisoning (26 000 per 100 000 inhab.)
325 000 persons were hospitalized (111 per 100 000 inhab.)
5 000 people died (1.7 per 100 000 inhab.).


In Canada

In Quebec, for foodborne illness reported to MAPAQ in 2007-2008
47.8% home
45.5% were due to consumption of food in restaurants,
4.4% in the other categories of schools.
2.3% in institutions

Prevention

In developed countries, prevention against food poisoning is primarily the action of the State, by establishing an intelligence service veterinarian to monitor the live animals were slaughtered and food products derived therefrom, with d a power of inspection (slaughterhouses, butcher shops, food factories, shops, restaurants ...) and repression also putting in place a requirement for traceability (identification of batches of food to be able to withdraw if health risk). La France has also created the French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), to ensure that food security.

From professionals, it is necessary to adopt strict hygiene measures (clothing, food grade material, cleaning, cold chain, personnel training ...), and a risk monitoring (sampling at regular for analytical procedures HACCP ...). Some foods are irradiated (or irradiated) to eliminate bacteria on food and reduce the risk of food poisoning.

For individuals, prevention is to fulfill the conservation of foods, controlling date consumption of packaged foods, cleaning the fridge regularly to wash their hands before preparing and eating meals, washing clear water consumed fresh products (fruit, salad, vegetables), washing the dishes after use and maintain the kitchen in a sufficiently clean. During a trip abroad, respect for culinary traditions can often protect themselves against food poisoning, it must in some countries are wary of tap water (including ice) and foods washed in water common.

Fluoroscopy: What is it, How it Works, Requested for, Advance Preparation, Problems, Precautions, Children and pregnant

Fluoroscopy

WHAT IS IT?
It is the view inside the human body dynamically through X-rays

HOW IT WORKS

The X-ray machine emits these rays, high energy electromagnetic radiation that pass through the body for it so it will depend on the density through which they pass.
These are collected after passing through the body on a screen of a special material that emits light when receiving an X-ray, see the doctor behind.
A variation that does not expose the operator to capture radiation is through a fluorescent screen (analog) or radiation detectors (digital) image which is then broadcast on a television screen.

REQUESTED FOR
Today, rarely, by the wide circulation in the patient and the doctor who provokes.

In pulmonary disorders and cardiac dynamics was very useful.

It is still used in trauma surgery, to check for proper alignment intervention (reduction) of the lesions.



HOW DOES THE EXPLORATION
Standing between the transmitter and the fluorescent screen, or during surgery.

ADVANCE PREPARATION
Not required.

TO LEAVE TO DO THE TEST
Take off any metal item such as chains, earrings, dentures, etc..
Usually performed with a bare torso.
WHAT IS THE EXPLORATION
The patient is placed between the device and the screen, which handles the doctor.
Usually follows the doctor's instructions during the examination.

PROBLEMS
X-rays are electromagnetic radiation energy, can produce alterations by excessive exposure, and we are talking during fluoroscopy.
Although a useful technique in cardio-respiratory problems, outside the operating room has been almost today.

LONG DOES
Rapid, requires neither disclosed nor has been checking how.

PRECAUTIONS
Generic Scan
Try to expose only the chest, protecting the rest of the body and especially the gonads stained materials (the lead is so dense that no radiation passes X).

Children and pregnant
It strongly discouraged.

Food habits and self-esteem

Food habits and self-esteem

Many people are dissatisfied and even live unhappy with any part of your body. The idea that there is an ideal figure was accepted by the majority. However, throughout history the concepts of physical beauty and aesthetics have evolved with such different parameters is not easy to understand why at present be considered beautiful can have a direct relationship with happiness.


Too much advertising and commercialism are behind this. We all know well. But sometimes that little rejection of the body itself can become a pathological obsession that allows us to appreciate the qualities or enjoy the surroundings and the good times you give away each day.


"We are what we eat" they say. In reality we are what we say about us our self-esteem. Eating is a necessity and a pleasure, and only with a positive attitude and good habits can take control of what we do when we get something in their mouths.


Overeating, eating too little and even quit are attitudes that say a lot about the love we feel for ourselves.


We receive information about miracle diets, bought expensive equipment, we believe that a little pill will do all the work. And in extreme cases lose the perception of reality on what beauty really is our body, as in the case of anorexics or bulimics who can not be assessed objectively.


It is important to understand that if we are out of shape is not what we eat, but for the reasons that lead us to eat that way. Before you say such unpleasant things as "my legs are horrible" or "I have a huge ass", we mean that we have chosen to consider less handsome than they really are.


Before beginning any diet or program, we must be honest with ourselves and ask ourselves how far I am really committed to this goal? If we are not really willing to give everything we can feel frustrated more than once.


Maybe we're just living in "automatic" and have made this attitude of defeat, a constant. Perhaps we are postponing the resolution of more complicated problems that have nothing to do with how our body. Eating too much or too little becomes a shield to avoid the stress, pain, loneliness or lack of love.


To improve our eating habits should start with a deeper self-knowledge. The solution is not outside but within us. We define the triggers that lead us to lose control of what we eat. Analyze situations, people, motives or thoughts that keep us from our true selves. Comer, stop and go back to eating can become a vicious circle, and the less fortunate of cases in a way of life.


Well that is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Do not forget how happy we are Shrek and Fiona. We must love ourselves as we are because of "physical perfection" only with photo-shop. And Long live life!

Xanthoma: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, prognosis, Prevention, Other Names, health care, Exams and Tests, incidence and risk factors

Xanthoma

It is a skin condition in which fat is deposited beneath the skin surface.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Xanthomas are common, especially among older adults and among people with high blood lipids.

Xanthomas may vary in size. Some are very small, while others are bigger than 3 inches (7, 5 cm) in diameter. They can appear anywhere on the body but occur most often on the elbows, joints, tendons, knees, hands, feet and buttocks.

Xanthomas may be a sign of a medical condition that involves an increase in blood lipids. Some of these disorders are:

* Diabetes
* Primary biliary cirrhosis
* Certain cancers
* Inherited metabolic disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia

The eyelid xanthelasma is a common type of xanthoma that appears on the eyelids.

Symptoms

A xanthoma looks like a sore or bump under the skin and usually flat, soft to the touch and yellow, with clearly defined edges.



Exams and Tests

The doctor examines the skin and usually can diagnose a xanthoma simply by looking. A biopsy of the tumor shows a fatty deposit.

Treatment

If a person has a disease that causes increased blood lipids, treating the condition can help reduce development of xanthomas.

The doctor may remove the tumor if it gets annoying, however, xanthomas may come back after surgery.

Expectations (prognosis)

The tumor is not cancerous and painless, but can be a sign of another medical condition.
Complications

The growth may cause a change in the appearance of the person, which is called cosmetic disfiguring.
Calling your health care

Call your health care provider if xanthomas develop which may indicate an underlying disorder that needs treatment.

Prevention

Controlling blood lipids, including triglycerides and cholesterol, may help reduce the development of xanthomas.

Alternative Names

Skin growths fatty; Xanthelasma

Xeroderma Pigmentosa: Causes, Symptoms, Exams and Tests, Treatment, Forecast, Prevention

Xeroderma Pigmentosa


It is a rare condition that is passed down through families in which the skin and the tissue covering the eye is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet light.

Causes

Ultraviolet light, like that found in sunlight damages the genetic material (DNA) in cells of the skin, but usually the body repairs this damage. However, in people with xeroderma pigmentosa, the body does not fix the damage as a result, the skin becomes very thin and appear patches of varying colors (mottled pigmentation).

The condition also causes spidery blood vessels in the skin (telangiectasia) and skin cancer. The latter often occurs before the child is 5 years.

Symptoms

* Sunburn that does not heal after a bit of sun exposure
* Blisters after a bit of sun exposure
* Arachnoid blood vessels under the skin
* Patches of discolored skin that get worse
* Crusting of skin
* Peeling skin
* Skin surface oozing raw
* Discomfort when being in bright light (photophobia)

Exams and Tests

The doctor will perform a physical exam and ask if you have a family history of xeroderma pigmentosa.

An eye exam may show:

* Cloudy cornea
* Keratitis
* Lid tumors
* Blepharitis

The following tests can help diagnose the condition in a baby before birth:

* Amniocentesis
* Chorionic villus sampling
* Culture of amniotic cells

The following tests can help diagnose the disorder after birth:

* Culture of skin fibroblasts
* Skin biopsy

Treatment

Children with this condition require total protection from sunlight. Even the light coming through windows and fluorescent bulbs is dangerous.

When these children have to go into the sun should wear protective clothing.

Use high protection sunscreen (SPF of 70 or more) and very dark glasses with ultraviolet light protection. Your doctor may prescribe medications to help prevent certain skin cancers.
Support Groups

Forecast

Most people with this problem die of skin cancer in early adulthood.
Possible complications

* Change in skin appearance (deformation)
* Skin cancer

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment if you or your child has symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosa.

Prevention

Experts recommend genetic counseling for people with a family history of xeroderma pigmentosa who wish to conceive.

Xerosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, incidence and risk factors, Other Names

Xerosis


It is an abnormal dryness of the skin or mucous membranes.

Causes, incidence and risk factors

Dry skin often worsens in the winter.
Older people generally are more affected by this disease.

Symptoms

The skin is dry, scaly, itchy, and red Fine cracks may appear on it.
The legs and arms are usually the most affected.



Treatment

Treatments include:

* Moisturizers, especially those that contain urea and lactic acid
* Topical steroids for areas that become very inflamed and itchy
Prevention

* Avoid excessive exposure to water
* Keep the relatively cold water bath
* Use gentle skin cleansers that do not contain dyes and fragrances

Alternative Names

Asteatotic eczema; Asteatotic Dermatitis

Communicating with our children

Communicating with our children


Promoting dialogue and communication has become a key priority in the education process of our children. Establish channels of sincere and respectful dialogue will allow us to participate actively in the various stages of development.

We must banish from our lives, and especially the relationship with our children, fear or embarrassment to express feelings freely and naturally.


To enhance the dialogue between the family members I propose a simple game. On a blackboard placed in a visible place in our kitchen will mark the names of each family member, giving each one two columns for each day of the week. In one of the columns appear the words BEST and WORST in the other.



Dinner is usually the best time of day to develop this activity, let alone television, music and distraction trying to create a relaxed and welcoming atmosphere in which we share with our children the events of the day.


The game is to tell our family the best and the worst thing that happened during the day. We will take turns scoring on the board a brief summary that can be a word or drawing, depending on the age of small, representing this situation.


It is essential that parents be involved in the game, at first, while our children to internalize a part of the routine of dinner, you should be the adults who are started at the same, this is a fun time, and our voice and our gestures and so should be seen. That our children participate in a great measure depend on the illusion that we can pass on to develop the activity.


If we get your mind relating the dialogue with conflict resolution, we have given our children a cornerstone for its present and future happiness.

Before remedies medicines ...: hangnail, skin abscess, Irritative cough, Musculoskeletal pain

Before remedies medicines ...
Mon, Aug 24 13:09


This article aims to explain some home remedies applicable in certain situations. This is avoided whenever possible, having to take medication.


There is no doubt that there are problems that can not be solved except with certain drugs, and that is to be our doctor, who can guide us in this regard.


In any case, let's see how our grandmother had acted with most situations:


A hangnail: Enter the affected finger in a bowl with warm salt water. This helps to drain the pus that may have within it.


A larger skin abscess: abscess speak when we have a "bag of pus" located in the skin. In these cases, especially if the abscess is located in the cleft region, we can take a slice of ripe tomato and leave it in place for a while on the infected area. I do not know to explain why, but sometimes just opening the abscess and draining the contents.


Irritative cough, with no improvement or syrup: Place half an onion on the bedside table and leave it for our dream. In the morning you will notice significant relief of our cough. An alternative that a patient told me for months is to take soup made with onions. She claimed it was just as effective. Say at this point that any persistent or productive cough (with which "start snot) must be evaluated by a physician.



Musculoskeletal pain: Hot or Cold? Generally, with rare exceptions, we only use heat when muscle spasms (especially in cases of neck pain or back pain, where, due to pain, there is a muscle contraction that we have around the affected area). In other cases, especially those in which the cause is usually osteoarthritis (knee pain, hip pain, shoulder, elbow ...) always apply cold. They are useful for this purpose, the bags of frozen peas or corn, applied on the joints in question.


Well known is the role of aloe vera as a topical anti-inflammatory. There are topical creams or preparations containing it and which are used to treat insect bites, for example.


Do you know any home remedy but I have occasionally been effective? Would you like to share? You can leave your comment so that others can enjoy. Thank you very much in advance.

Electrocardiography: What is it, How it works, techniques, Problems, Precautions, Generic Scan, Children and pregnant, Special Diseases

Electrocardiography

WHAT IS IT?

It is the study from outside the heart's electrical activity.

HOW IT WORKS

The heart contracts because the electrical signals of their pacemaker and conduction system neatly spread across the same from the left atrium, causing the muscle to contract.

This signal causes a change in the electrical properties of heart muscle contraction preamble, which produces a "wave of depolarization," as a continuous front of activity, starting from the left atrium is displaced to the apex of the heart.

Einthoven, Belgian physiologist, discovered that the heart's electrical activity can be collected from outside the body, which gave rise to the ECG.



REQUESTED FOR

To study the electrical conduction disorders of the heart, important in two areas:

Study of cardiac conduction abnormalities, such as in heart block.

On the principle that the heart muscle without sufficient intake of oxygen presents an abnormal electrical signal for the diagnosis of ischemic heart injury, angina and myocardial heart.

HOW DOES THE EXPLORATION ADVANCE PREPARATION
Usually not necessary.

TO LEAVE TO DO THE TEST
You have to undress from the waist up, placing electrodes on both ankles, so it is recommended not to wear "panties".
If it is too hairy, you should shave your chest (if not shave in the office).

WHAT IS THE EXPLORATION
He placed a series of electrodes (one at each end, usually by forceps, and six in the anterior and left lateral chest, around, around, the left breast, usually held up by a suction cup). For skin that transmit better signal can be spread with pasta or alcohol. Rarely performed a study with an esophageal electrode, placed in the same from the mouth.

Subsequent to the electrodes is the recording, for which the device is manipulated. Twelve combinations are usually studied with them, called derivatives "standard" and precordial increased.

There are two main variations of the technique.
The first, called "stress test" or "Bruce protocol" the record is done while the patient exercises on a formal, on a bicycle or treadmill. It is used to determine exercise tolerance after an episode of angina or heart attack.

In the second, "permanent monitoring" of 24 hours or Holter protocol, the patient wears for a long time (one or two days) is a device that continuously recorded the ECG. Used in cases of sporadic arrhythmias and angina-type pains. Currently, the emergence of mobile devices (credit card size) for specific event recording technique may become obsolete, but remains the standard.

PROBLEMS
It is a completely passive system for collecting electrical signals, so you are not foreseen.

LONG DOES
A normal ECG, about three minutes.

PRECAUTIONS

Generic Scan
Not necessary.

Children and pregnant
They can be performed without difficulty, although in children requires interppretación personnel.

Special Diseases
No difficulties are expected with any disease.

The top 10 of the world's weirdest allergies: Allergy to the sun, Hives, sweat, urticaria, heat, hormones, vibration, exercise, pressure

The top 10 of the world's weirdest allergies


In recent years the incidence of allergies has grown exponentially and continues to increase. The appearance of intolerance to certain elements is becoming more frequent, but until recently was detected at an early age, it is now common to find in adults and even elderly.

The allergy has become a global scourge that afflicts both young and old to profoundly affect the quality of life of its victims. The statistics are alarming, only in Europe and North America more than 50 million people suffering from allergies and it is estimated that by 2015 one in two people to suffer, so allergists concern has focused on prevention of them.

An allergy is defined as the hypersensitivity of an organism to a particular substance to be inhaled, ingested or touched, causes reactions ranging from excessive itching or irritation to more severe symptoms.

There are widely known as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma or certain food allergies to eggs or milk. However, allergies are another set of strange or unusual as those described in the top 10 world's rarest allergies, published on the Internet website Health.com.



Starting from the least to most rare, the top 10 weirdest allergies according to this publication is:

• Allergy to the sun
It is believed that is because the skin does not tolerate the proteins that are generated by receiving solar radiation. Sufferers have small rashes, excessive itching and the worst burns, even when carrying clothing or sunscreen.

• Hives or allergy to water aquagenica
It is a rare allergy that occurs after being in contact with water at any temperature and in any condition. In severe cases to the contact of body fluids themselves can trigger a reaction. This condition seriously complicates personal hygiene and care of sufferers.

• Allergy to sweat
It is manifested by the appearance of welts and care should be taken as the components of this fluid can cause discomfort that may require more medical care.

• Allergy to cold urticaria Frigor
It is believed that fungi and mites that thrive in winter are the cause of this allergy that appears to have enough exposure to cold or frozen foods. It manifests with skin rash, wheezing, decreased blood pressure and difficulty breathing.

• Allergy to heat
People intolerant of high temperatures may get hives, excessive sweating and even hallucinations.

• Allergy to hormones
The most common is the rejection of estrogen and progesterone. This allergy is controlled with medications and antihistamines.

• Allergy to vibration
It is usually associated with mechanical vibration, those suffering feel the vibration as assault, his body begins to release histamines, causing proliferation of eruptions and sores in just a few minutes.

• Allergy to exercise
The physical activity occurs or other agent that reacted with body movement. In most cases it can be ingested from food, alcohol, or the climate where business practices.

• Allergy to pressure or dermatographism
It is a type of hypersensitivity related to any type of stroke or grip is made in the skin. It manifests with spots or hives.

• Hypersensitivity to semen
It's a very strange allergy. Its most common symptom is the appearance of hives, itching and irritation that is often confused with an STD. It is estimated that affects 5% of couples have infertility problem.

Argentine researchers designed a rapid test to detect dementia

Argentine researchers designed a rapid test to detect dementia

Argentine research team designed a test Ineco in seven minutes you can detect dysfunction of the frontal lobes of the brain that affect memory and the ability to plan or interact, Efe said Thursday its director.

"Front Ineco Screening is a brief tool that, with a demonstrated sensitivity of 96 percent and a very specific, differentiating frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease.

The test is intended to check the functioning of the brain's frontal lobe, ie the area that is responsible for making decisions, planning, social interaction and memory.



"It is a dementia in which people change the personality, respects no manners, and apathy may have difficulty getting along," he told Efe Facundo Manes, research leader.

The symptoms of this neurodegenerative disease are also disinhibition, materialized with impulsive behaviors, or changes in diet, and tended to sweet foods.

This type of dysfunction, which mainly affects patients between 40 and 65 with Alzheimer's may also occur in young people aged 20 years who do not suffer another kind of pathology.

"The interesting thing about this disease, however, is the cognitive part: memory, language or attention, and it is very difficult for doctors to diagnose, because what changes is the behavior, not the cognitive aspects," the also director of the Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro Foundation local.

The test "Front Ineco Screening" is a neuropsychological test that seeks to replace the previous controls, which were delayed two hours to discuss patients and high cost of materials needed or highly qualified personnel.

"This test is, however, a brief tool sensitive and specific for the detention of executive dementia that occurs in patients and allows doctors who do not have to implement this battery materials," said Manes.

The test consists of eight sections that control the concentration and retention of patient information.

Iodine in diet: Functions, Food Sources, Side Effects, Recommendations, Infants, Children, Adolescents and Adults, Alternative Names

Iodine in diet

Iodine is naturally found in the body and it is an essential element.

Functions

Iodine is necessary for the metabolism (the process of converting food into energy) normal cells. Humans need iodine for normal thyroid function and the production of thyroid hormones.

Food Sources

Iodized salt, salt with iodine added, "is the main food source of iodine. Iodine is found naturally in seafood, and also cod, sea bass, haddock and perch are good sources. The brown algae or marine (kelp) is the most common vegetable seafood and features a rich source of iodine. In addition, dairy products and plants grown in iodine rich soils are excellent sources of this nutrient.

Side Effects
Lack of enough iodine (deficiency) may occur in areas with poor soils in this element. Iodine deficiency in the diet for several months can cause goiter or hypothyroidism. Without enough iodine, the thyroid cells and thyroid gland enlarged.

This deficiency most often affects women than men and is more common in pregnant women and children. Sufficient iodine intake in the diet can prevent a form of physical and mental retardation called cretinism, a condition rare in the United States, since deficiency of iodine, usually not a problem.

Iodine poisoning in the United States is rare. The high consumption of this element can reduce the function of the thyroid gland.



Recommendations

The best way to get the daily requirement of essential vitamins is to eat a balanced diet containing a variety of foods from the pyramid of basic food groups.

A 1 / 4 teaspoon of iodized table salt provides 95 micrograms of iodine. A serving of 6 ounces (170 grams) of sea fish provides 650 micrograms of iodine. Most people can meet the daily recommendations by eating seafood, iodized salt and plants grown in iodine rich soils. When buying salt make sure it is labeled "iodized."

The Food and Nutrition Committee of the Institute of Medicine (Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine) recommends the following dietary intake for iodine:

Infants:

* 0 - 6 months: 110 micrograms per day (mcg / day)
* 7 to 12 months: 130 mcg / day

Children:

* 1 to 3 years: 90 mcg / day
* 4 to 8 years: 90 mcg / day
* 9 to 13 years: 120 mcg / day

Adolescents and Adults

* Men age 14 and older: 150 mcg / day
* Women age 14 and older: 150 mcg / day

Specific recommendations depend on age, sex and other factors (such as pregnancy). Women who are pregnant or producing milk (lactating) need higher amounts. Ask your doctor what amount is best for you.

Alternative Names
Diet and iodine

Zinc in diet: Functions, Food Sources, Side Effects, Recommendations, Infants, Children, Adolescents and Adults, Alternative Names

Zinc in diet

Zinc is an important trace element that is second only to iron in its concentration in the body.

Functions

Zinc is necessary for the body's defense system (immune system) to work properly. Play a role in cell division and cell growth, as in wound healing and in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Zinc is also needed for the senses of smell and taste.

Food Sources

Protein-rich foods contain large amounts of zinc. Beef, pork and lamb contain more zinc than fish. The dark meat of chicken has more zinc than white meat.

Other good sources of zinc are peanuts, peanut butter and legumes.

Fruits and vegetables are good sources, because zinc in plant proteins is not as available for human consumption such as zinc from animal proteins. Therefore, low-protein diets and vegetarian diets tend to be low in zinc.

Side Effects

The symptoms of zinc deficiency include:

* Frequent infections
* Hypogonadism in men
* Hair loss
* Loss of appetite
* Problems with taste
* Problems with the sense of smell
* Slow growth
* Difficulty seeing in the dark
* Various skin lesions
* Wounds that are slow to heal

Zinc supplements in large amounts can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps and vomiting, usually within 3 to 10 hours after ingestion. The symptoms disappear within a short period of time after discontinuing the supplements.



Recommendations

The best way to get the daily requirement of essential vitamins and minerals is to eat a balanced diet containing a variety of products from the pyramid of basic food groups.

The Food and Nutrition Committee of the Institute of Medicine (Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine) recommends the following dietary intake for zinc:

Infants:

* 0-6 months: 2 milligrams per day (mg / day)
* 7-12 months: 3 mg / day

Children:

* 1-3 years: 3 mg / day
* 4-8 years: 5 mg / day
* 9-13 years: 8 mg / day

Adolescents and Adults

* Males age 14 and older: 11 mg / day
* Women age 14 to 18 years: 9 mg / day
* Women age 19 and older: 8 mg / day

Specific recommendations depend on age, sex and other factors (such as pregnancy). Women who are pregnant or producing milk (lactating) need higher amounts. Ask your doctor what amount is best for you.

Alternative Names
Diet and zinc

Shingles: Causes, Symptoms, Exams and Tests, Treatment, medicines, Possible complications

Shingles

It is a painful, blistering skin rash due to varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox.

Causes

After you get chickenpox, the virus remains inactive (dormant) in certain nerves. Shingles occurs after the virus reactivates in these nerves after many years.

The reason why the virus becomes active again is not clear. Often only one attack.

Shingles can develop in any age group, but one is more likely to develop the condition if:

* Has over 60 years
* He gave chickenpox before their first birthday
* Your immune system is weakened by medications or disease

If an adult or child has direct contact with the herpes zoster rash and has not had chickenpox as a child or has not received the vaccine against this disease, can develop chickenpox rather than shingles.

Symptoms

The first symptom is usually pain on one side, tingling or burning. The pain and burning may be severe and generally occur before any rash appears.

In most people, form patches on the skin, followed by small blisters.

* The blisters break, forming small ulcers that begin to dry and form scabs, which fall in two to three weeks. Scarring is rare.
* The rash usually involves a narrow area of the spine around the front of the ventral or chest.
* The rash may involve the face, eyes, mouth and ears.



Additional symptoms may include:

* Abdominal pain
* Chills
* Difficulty moving some of the muscles in the face
* Drooping eyelid (ptosis)
* Fever and chills
* General ill feeling
* Genital lesions
* Headache
* Hearing loss
* Joint pain
* Loss of eye movement
* Swollen lymph nodes
* Problems with taste
* Vision problems

It also may have pain, muscle weakness and a rash that involves different parts of the face if shingles affects a nerve in the face.

Exams and Tests

The doctor can diagnose by looking at your skin and asking questions about your medical history.

Rarely tests are needed, but may include taking a skin sample to see if you are infected with the virus that causes shingles.

Laboratory tests may show an increase in white blood cells and antibodies to the chickenpox virus but can not confirm that the rash is due to shingles.



Treatment

Shingles usually disappears spontaneously and only need treatment for pain relief.

Your doctor may prescribe a medicine that fights the virus, called antiviral, which helps reduce pain and complications and shorten the course of the disease. You can use acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir.

The medications should be started within 24 hours of feeling pain or burning, and preferably before the blisters appear. Usually, the drugs are given as pills, in much higher doses than those recommended for herpes or genital herpes. It is possible that some people need to be administered the drug intravenously (IV).

Strong anti-inflammatory medications called corticosteroids such as prednisone, can be used to reduce inflammation and risk of continued pain. These drugs do not work in all patients.

Other medicines may include:

* Antihistamines to reduce itching (taken by mouth or applied to the skin)
* Analgesics
* Zostrix, a cream containing capsaicin (an extract of pepper) to prevent post-herpetic neuralgia

They can be used wet and cold compresses to reduce pain. Soothing baths and lotions such as colloidal oatmeal bath, starch baths, or calamine lotion can help relieve itching and discomfort.

It is also recommended bed rest until the fever goes down.

You must keep the skin clean and reuse contaminated items. Similarly, non-disposable items should be washed in boiling water or otherwise disinfected before reuse. The person may need to be isolated while lesions are oozing to prevent infection of others, especially pregnant women.
Forecast

Shingles usually clears up in two or three weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves that control movement (motor nerves) may be weakness or temporary or permanent paralysis.

Sometimes the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to years.

Possible complications

Sometimes the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last for months or years. This pain is called postherpetic neuralgia and occurs when nerves are damaged after an outbreak of shingles. The pain ranges from mild to very severe and more likely to occur in people over 60 years.

Other complications may include:

* Another attack of shingles
* Blindness (if lesions occur in the eye)
* Deafness
* Infection, including encephalitis or sepsis (blood infection) in people with weakened immune systems
* Bacterial skin infections
* Ramsay Hunt syndrome if shingles affects the nerves in the face

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your doctor if you have symptoms of shingles, particularly if you have defenses or if symptoms persist or worsen. Shingles that affects the eye can lead to permanent blindness if you do not receive emergency medical care.
Prevention

Avoid touching the rash and blisters of persons with shingles or chickenpox if you have never had chickenpox or has not been immunized against this disease.

The varicella vaccine may be recommended for teenagers or adults who have never had chickenpox. Medical evidence has shown that older adults who receive the vaccine are less likely to have complications from shingles. Adults over 60 should receive the vaccine as part of routine medical care.

Alternative Names

Shingles

Massage during pregnancy

Massage during pregnancy

Today we will talk of massage during pregnancy, which has many advantages and also some contraindications.

In general associate relaxation massage, and that is also in pregnancy. But what few people know is that a good will provided by a professional massage can help us to have a healthier baby. Below we explain why.

Massage during pregnancy is recommended, in general, allowing relief and relaxation of the woman, who are so concerned over this beautiful but tough stage. It has been shown that establishing a strong and narrow channel of communication between mother and baby. This was demonstrated by Dr. Tiffany Field at the University of Miami, in his "Touch Research Institute" The researcher says that massage actually reduces stress hormone body of origin. Physical contact is vital to the physical and emotional wellbeing of the mother.


The benefits both the mother and her son are several, some of them mentioned below:

Relaxing. The massage will remove pressure from the back and neck, who bear most of the physical weight of pregnancy.

Cardiovascular system. Another of the wonders of massage is its effect on our circulatory system as it helps to stimulate blood pressure. Recall that the circulatory system is closely linked to the fetus, because there (umbilical cord) is where you get all their nutrients.


Diuretic. Lymph nodes are stimulated to activate the lymph, and helps activate the circulatory system thus increasing the filtration through the kidneys, which increases urine production and purification of toxins.


Endocrine system, to massage different body parts also some glands are involved, it generally has a beneficial effect on our hormones.


Beauty, massage all contributes to the freshness and elasticity of the skin which will be reflected in healthier skin and more beautiful.


Relaxing. Help to reduce pressure on neck, back and joints. Muscle problems that manifest themselves as overweight due to cramps, muscle tension and stiffness are relieved by massage.

Antidepressant. By stimulating the endocrine system stimulates the release of endorphins that help to counteract depression so common at this stage of women.



Contraindications:


Premature delivery. The main contraindication of massage is premature labor. Very carefully. The professionals have seen the relationship between areas and massage the ankle bone and heel, or massage or vigorous and prolonged stimulation of uterine areas and the ability to stimulate labor. Should be placed in the hands of professionals to perform these massages.


Below is a list of the main contraindications of massage in pregnancy:
Diarrhea
Unusual pain
Threatened abortion
Diabetes
Nausea
Contagious
Fever
Vomiting
Pre eclampsia
Hypertension
Abdominal pain

Expectant mothers do not infect their children

Expectant mothers do not infect their children

• Experts point out that there is no vertical transmission of influenza A virus
• In the last months of gestation increases the risk of complications in the mother

A pregnant woman doing yoga.

Najat, weighed 4.2 pounds at birth and is healthy, free of influenza A/H1N1. His mother died this weekend due to the disease within three days of giving birth to small, becoming the first victim of the virus Andalusian.

Like Rayan, who was born healthy at 28 weeks gestation without 'trace' of influenza virus A. Dalila His mother became the first fatality in Spain. Her son died days after birth due to medical negligence at the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, the same medical center where she inaugurated the statistics of deaths from infectious disease in our country.

Serve these two examples and the call for calm by the experts to remind all women who were currently pregnant, "the transmission of influenza A virus does not exist. The horizontal transmission is through airways, "insists Juan García de Lomas, head of the Microbiology Unit of Hospital Clínico de Valencia.

Ana Fernandez Sesma, Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine makes this point. "The flu virus can not be acquired either by mouth or by blood but by aerosol in the airways of a person to another. The virus replicates in the lungs of the mother and does not cause systemic disease or reaches the blood ".

To further understand this process, Dr. Lomas said that acts differently to other viruses. "The flu is not like that rubella is contracted by the respiratory route and that at 5 days or week of the infection appears in the blood, and spreads through the body. It is thus able to cross the placenta and infect the fetus. "

On the contrary, "the influenza A virus never reaches the bloodstream. Only in the case of a mother with cough illness in your newborn during childbirth may lead to the infection, a fact which is unlikely," adds .

In the same opinion shows Jose Ramon Yuste, an internist specializing in infectious diseases at the University Clinic of Navarra. "There is no evidence of transmission from mother to child or influenza A or the seasons. All children born to women with the disease have been healthy."

They recognize, however, that the fact that pregnant women are considered a risk group is clearly something that has happened before. "In the three previous pandemics was observed that morbidity and symptoms were higher among pregnant women. Everything should be a natural physiological process by which cellular immunity woman descends to allow growth of the embryo or fetus. The decline of immune cells is greatest during late pregnancy, so the risk of complications rises, "said Valencia specialist.

But also other factor. "The body has no 'memory' of this type of flu. That is, no virus antibodies generated by previous infections causing helplessness against rising" remark.

In fact, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta [U.S. CDC] have recently been published in the journal The Lancet, the rate of hospitalization of pregnant women with influenza A is four times higher the general population and over 10% of deaths triggered by the disease across the Atlantic have occurred in pregnant women.

Indeed, Dr. Yuste recalls that in this same work, "muses on the possibility that influenza also causes systemic infection [move into the blood], which can cause the fetus to catch, but it also recognizes that not there is evidence that this infection occurs because babies born to mothers who have passed both influenza A, such as seasonal symptoms and had no infection.

The US cardiologists recommend reducing 'dramatically' sugar intake

The American cardiologists recommend reducing 'dramatically' sugar intake

Soft drinks are the main added sugar in the American diet
The packaged food does not distinguish between natural and added sugars

Heart Association has recommended the United States today the country's population to reduce "dramatically" consumption of sugar in your diet after finding that, on average, each American consumes 90 grams of sugar (mainly from soft drinks ), almost four times the 25 grams recommended daily for women and more than double the recommended 37.5 for men.

Researchers have pointed particularly to the soft drink market, estimated to worth over 80,200 million euros each year, to be identified as "the number one source of added sugar in the American diet.

"For the first time we made specific recommendations on the amount of sugar that can be consumed in a heart-healthy diet," said research author, Rachel Johnson.

In this sense, Johnson has assured that the labels on packaged food in the United States do not distinguish between natural and added sugars, but has clarified that any product labeled as "syrup" in the list of ingredients you probably have added sugar.



"Too much sugar not only makes Americans more obese, but is also guilty of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and heart attacks," said the report published in the journal 'Circulation'.

The U.S. sugar industry said through a statement he was "very disappointed" by the report, from which it follows a direct correlation between sugar intake and heart health.

For its part, the Association of American soft drink maker said that beverages sweetened with sugar "does not represent a particular risk to health."

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Scientists develop a new method for improving assisted fertilization

Scientists develop a new method for improving assisted fertilization

Argentine scientists have developed a method that improves sperm samples used for assisted fertilization techniques, as confirmed today.

"The new methodology involves the selection of sperm for use in an assisted reproduction procedure," said biologist Vanesa Rawe Argentina in an interview with Efe.

Rawe, the Center for Studies in Gynecology and Reproduction (CEGYR) of Argentina, lead researcher, explained that this selection is based on molecular properties that have certain abnormal sperm and which is "Exposure of a molecule in the outer portion sperm.

This is called apoptotic sperm, those who "have DNA fragmentation levels high and have a poor prognosis for successfully fertilize an egg and create an embryo implantation potential," said the researcher.



"With a filter that recognizes this molecule, we can enrich the sperm sample, discarding outliers and using only normal to fertilize eggs," added the scientist.

Similar techniques have already been used in Germany for animal reproduction, but Argentine scientists developed a method to apply to human patients with fertility problems.

"We achieved first in the world to obtain pregnancies with this method and soon we will have births," said Rowe.

Depression in Children and Adolescents

Depression in Children and Adolescents


Depression is a disease that was underestimated in the past and confused with other ailments, and sometimes lazy. It is now well known and studied. Unfortunately most frequently diagnosed in increasingly younger people, even in very young children.


Genetic factors have been scientifically demonstrated. There are also trigger events in the everyday life of a child can lead to a depressive state and that his parents could overlook before symptoms become more severe.



What might be the signs in a depressed child?

Experts mentioned in this regard that may lose their appetite and lose weight, seems to enjoy the game, refuses to attend school or to socialize, looks and feels insecure that does nothing well .


Adolescents may show little interest in his person and appearance. Your family and friends are no longer important to them.


Generally lose interest in daily activities of life. Drastic changes in the way of eating and sleeping hours. Frequent complaints of headaches or stomachaches. Easily lose control and express their emotions in an exaggerated way.


There are some facts of life that can mourn as: moving, changing schools, a family member or pet die, divorce or illness at home. In adolescents, hormonal changes can also cause changes in mood.


However, if signs persist for several weeks, most likely, they are suffering from depression. But it must be diagnosed properly because other affective disorders such as dysthymia and bipolar disorder.

Of course it has a solution and as everything valuable in life, involves time, effort and above all, love. The professional help is an important support. There are very comprehensive therapies which work simultaneously feelings, thoughts and behaviors of the child and give comprehensive assistance to parents.


There is considerable controversy about the medication early as a real and effective solution, because some drugs are addictive and can create a vicious circle by making the child a person unable to control his emotions without the aid of drugs. Many doctors recommend it only in severe cases that have not responded to psycho therapeutic therapies.

A common intestinal bacteria can cause colon cancer

A common intestinal bacteria can cause colon cancer

A team of U.S. researchers has unraveled the mechanism by which a bacterium commonly found in the intestinal flora can cause colon cancer.

In an article published by the British journal Nature, experts from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore (USA) argue that ETBF bacteria (enterotoxigenic bacteria fragilis) are able to colonize the intestine in mice and cause inflammation of the colon and tumor development.




To achieve this, ETBF using the cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17) or IL-23, which amplifies the responses of the first, continues the review team led by Cynthia Sears.

The IL-17 is a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by several subtypes of activated T cells and influences, in addition to cancer, autoimmune disease development.

Discovered this association, the researchers say such an alliance would be enough to avoid blocking the formation of cancer, opening the door for research into new therapies to combat the disease.